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Dzerzhinsk Factories
Type of pollutants: Chemicals and toxic byproducts from Cold War-era chemical weapons manufacturing, including Sarin, VX gas, lewisite - the poisonous effect of which is owed to its arsenic trioxide content, yperite (mustard gas), prussic acid, phosgene, dioxins and other persistent organic chemicals. Lead, from an additives manufacturer, now closed.
Site description: In Dzerzhinsk, a significant center of the Russian chemical manufacturing, the average life expectancy is 42 years for men and 47 for women. Until the end of the Cold War, the city was among Russia's principal production sites of chemical weapons. According to figures from Dzerzhinsk's environmental agency, from 1930-1998, almost 300,000 tons of chemical waste were improperly disposed of. Of this waste, around 190 separate chemicals were released into the groundwater. These chemicals have turned the water into a white sludge containing dioxins and high levels of phenol – an industrial chemical which can lead to acute poisoning and death. These levels are reportedly 17 million times the safe limit.
The city draws its drinking water from the same aquifers into which these old wastes and unused products were pumped. Now that many of these industries are no longer in operation, the local groundwater has risen, along with the water level in the canal. This rise in the canal's water level threatens to dump arsenic, mercury, lead and dioxins into the Oka river basin, a source of drinking water for the nearby city of Nizhny Novgorod.
Despite the heavy toll on the population’s health, a quarter of the city's 300,000 residents are still employed in factories that turn out toxic chemicals. According to a 2003 BBC report it is the young who are most vulnerable. In the local cemetery, there are a shocking number of graves of people below the age of 40. In 2003 it was reported that the death rate exceeded the birth rate by 2.6 times and it is easy to see why. The dioxins that get into the water as a by-product of chlorine production are reported to cause cancer even in minute doses.
Cleanup Activity: Following the support of a baseline research project in the area in 2004, smith, in cooperation with the local government, has funded the installation of water treatment systems in Pyra (population 4,000), and Gavirolvka, settlements whose groundwater is highly polluted, yet remains the sole source of drinking water. In addition, smith has funded the establishment of a steering committee led by a local NGO (DRONT) in cooperation with the Nizhniy Novgorod municipal government, to begin the design of a large-scale remediation and pollution mitigation plan for the entire affected area.
In 2004 the local government conducted an initial evaluation of the extent of the groundwater contamination in the city and reviewed subsequent engineering options to bring clean water in to Dzerzhinsk to replace use of the contaminated groundwater source in Gavrilovka and Pyra, two areas of the city
INFORMATION
* Dzerzhinsk Chemical Plant Workers Call for Better Pensions : FBIS-TAC-97-119 : 29 Apr 1997
* Russian Chemical Weapons Sites Undergo Foreign Inspection : FBIS-TAC-98-068 : 9 Mar 1998
M R. Edelstein. “EMPOWERING RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN NGOs TO ADDRESS ISSUES OF FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY” FINAL PROJECT REPORT. Ramapo College of New Jersey
(2005)
http://phobos.ramapo.edu/facassem/e...weringngos.html
“Dzerzhinksk” Global Security Organization.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/w...rzhinsk_cbw.htm
Tim Samuals, “Russia’s Deadly Factories.” BBC News. March 7, 2003.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programm...ent/2821835.stm